Hotelier Indonesia
Highlights of the company's third quarter 2017 results are as follows:
Overall Results
Adjusted diluted EPS for the third quarter was $0.95, a 13 percent increase from the third quarter of the prior year.
Adjusted EBITDA totaled $92.5 million for the third quarter, a 13 percent increase from the third quarter of the prior year.
Adjusted EBITDA from hotel franchising activities for the third quarter increased 9 percent from the third quarter of the prior year to $94.0 million.
Total revenues and hotel franchising revenues for the third quarter both increased 10 percent from the third quarter of the prior year.
Royalties
Domestic royalty fees for the third quarter totaled $98.3 million, an 8.4 percent increase from the third quarter of the prior year.
Domestic system-wide revenue per available room (RevPAR) increased 2.1 percent for the third quarter compared to the third quarter of the prior year. Occupancy and average daily rates increased 70 basis points and 1.2 percent, respectively, in the third quarter compared to the same period of 2016.
Effective royalty rate increased 19 basis points for the third quarter of 2017, compared to the third quarter of the prior year.
Domestic franchised hotels, as of September 30, 2017, increased 2.8 percent from September 30, 2016.
Quality Inn surpassed 1,500 open domestic hotels during the third quarter, and the number of domestic hotels under this brand increased over 7 percent from September 30, 2016.
Domestic and international rooms, as of September 30, 2017, increased 2.1 percent and 2.3 percent, respectively, from September 30, 2016.
Development
New, executed domestic franchised hotel development contracts totaled 133 in the third quarter. Executed domestic franchised hotel development for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, totaled 415, a 10 percent increase from the same period of the prior year.
The company's total domestic pipeline of hotels awaiting conversion, under construction or approved for development, as of September 30, 2017, increased 16 percent to 751 hotels from September 30, 2016.
Use of Cash Flows
Dividends
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the company paid cash dividends totaling approximately $36 million. Based on the current quarterly dividend rate of $0.215 per common share, the company expects to pay dividends of approximately $49 million during 2017.
Share Repurchases
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the company repurchased $9 million of common stock under its share repurchase program as well as repurchases from employees in connection with tax withholding and option exercises relating to awards under the company's equity incentive plans. The company currently has authorization to purchase up to 4.0 million additional shares under its share repurchase program.
Hotel Development & Financing
Pursuant to its program to encourage acceleration of the growth of the upscale Cambria Hotels brand, the company advanced approximately $75 million in support of the brand's development during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The company also recycled approximately $29 million of prior investments in Cambria Hotels development projects, resulting in net advances of $46 million for the current year. Advances under this program are primarily in the form of joint venture investments, forgivable key money loans, senior mortgage loans, development loans, mezzanine lending, and through the operation of a land-banking program. On September 30, 2017, the company had approximately $244 million reflected in its consolidated balance sheet pursuant to these financial support activities. With respect to lending and joint venture investments, the company generally expects to recycle these loans and investments within a five-year period.
Special Items
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the company accelerated certain compensation expenses totaling $12.0 million in conjunction with the company's chief executive officer succession plan. In addition, the company recognized an impairment on a below market lease intangible recorded in conjunction with the company's acquisition of an office building leased to a third-party in 2014. The impairment of this below market lease intangible resulted in a reduction to the company's selling, general and administrative expenses totaling $1.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. These special items impacted diluted EPS by $0.11 per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the company recorded an executive termination benefit charge of approximately $2.2 million. This special item impacted diluted EPS by $0.02 per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
The company evaluates the non-GAAP measures presented herein that exclude executive termination benefits, impairment of below market lease costs and acceleration of the company's executive succession plan because those non-GAAP measures allow for period-over-period comparison of ongoing core operations before the impact of these charges. These non-GAAP measures, which are reconciled to the comparable GAAP measures in Exhibit 6, include adjusted net income, adjusted diluted EPS, adjusted hotel franchising selling, general and administrative expenses, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted hotel franchising EBITDA and adjusted hotel franchising margins.
Outlook
The company's consolidated 2017 outlook reflects the following assumptions:
Consolidated Outlook
Adjusted EBITDA for full-year 2017 is expected to range between $294 million and $298 million.
The company's fourth-quarter 2017 adjusted diluted EPS is expected to range between $0.60 and $0.62.
The company expects full-year 2017 adjusted diluted EPS to range between $2.84 and $2.88.
The effective tax rate is expected to be approximately 33 percent for the fourth quarter and 32 percent for full-year 2017.
All estimates for 2017 exclude costs associated with the company's executive succession plan and impairment of lease acquisition costs.
Adjusted diluted EPS estimates are based on the current number of shares outstanding, and thus do not factor in any changes that may occur due to new equity grants or any further repurchases of common stock under the company's share repurchase program.
The adjusted diluted EPS and consolidated adjusted EBITDA estimates assume that the company incurs net reductions in adjusted EBITDA related to non-hotel franchising activities at the midpoint of the range for these investments.
Hotel Franchising
Adjusted EBITDA from hotel franchising activities for full-year 2017 is expected to range between $301 million and $305 million.
Net domestic unit growth for 2017 is expected to range between approximately 2.5 percent and 3 percent.
RevPAR is expected to increase between 1 percent and 3 percent for the fourth quarter and range between 2 percent and 3 percent for full-year 2017.
The effective royalty rate is expected to increase between 17 and 19 basis points for full-year 2017 as compared to full-year 2016.
Non-Hotel Franchising Activities
Net reductions in full-year 2017 adjusted EBITDA, relating to the company's non-hotel franchising operations are expected to be approximately $7 million.
Conference Call
Choice will conduct a conference call on Monday, November 6, 2017, at 10:00 a.m. ET to discuss the company's 2017 third quarter results. The dial-in number to listen to the call domestically is 1-855-638-5678 and the number for international participants is 1-920-663-6286. The conference call will be webcast simultaneously via the company's website, www.choicehotels.com. Interested investors and other parties wishing to access the call via the webcast should go to the website and click on the Investor Info link. The Investor page will feature a conference call microphone icon to access the call.
The call will be recorded and available for replay beginning at 1:00 p.m. ET on Monday, November 6, 2017, by calling 1-855-859-2056 (domestic) or 1-404-537-3406 (international) and entering access code 88756097. In addition, the call will be archived and available on choicehotels.com via the Investor Info link.
About Choice Hotels
Choice Hotels International, Inc. (NYSE: CHH) is one of the world's largest hotel companies. With over 6,500 hotels franchised in more than 40 countries and territories, Choice Hotels International represents more than 500,000 rooms around the globe. As of September 30, 2017, over 800 hotels were in our development pipeline. Our company's Ascend Hotel Collection®, Cambria® Hotels, Comfort Inn®, Comfort Suites®, Sleep Inn®, Quality®, Clarion®, MainStay Suites®, Suburban Extended Stay Hotel®, Econo Lodge®, Rodeway Inn®, and Vacation Rentals by Choice Hotels™ brands provide a spectrum of lodging choices to meet guests' needs. With more than 33 million members, our Choice Privileges® rewards program enhances every trip a guest takes, with benefits ranging from instant, every day rewards to exceptional experiences, starting right when they join. All hotels and vacation rentals are independently owned and operated. Visit us at www.choicehotels.com for more information.
Forward-Looking Statements
Certain matters discussed in this press release constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Generally, our use of words such as "expect," "estimate," "believe," "anticipate," "should," "will," "forecast," "plan," "project," "assume" or similar words of futurity identify such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on management's current beliefs, assumptions and expectations regarding future events, which in turn are based on information currently available to management. Such statements may relate to projections of the company's revenue, earnings and other financial and operational measures, company debt levels, ability to repay outstanding indebtedness, payment of dividends, repurchases of common stock and future operations, among other matters. We caution you not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements do not guarantee future performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors.
Several factors could cause actual results, performance or achievements of the company to differ materially from those expressed in or contemplated by the forward-looking statements. Such risks include, but are not limited to, changes to general, domestic and foreign economic conditions; foreign currency fluctuations; operating risks common in the lodging and franchising industries; changes to the desirability of our brands as viewed by hotel operators and customers; changes to the terms or termination of our contracts with franchisees; our ability to keep pace with improvements in technology utilized for marketing and reservations systems and other operating systems; our ability to grow our franchise system; exposure to risks related to our hotel development and financing activities; fluctuations in the supply and demand for hotels rooms; our ability to realize anticipated benefits from acquired businesses; the level of acceptance of alternative growth strategies we may implement; operating risks associated with our international operations; the outcome of litigation; and our ability to manage our indebtedness. These and other risk factors are discussed in detail in the company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission including our annual report on Form 10-K for 2016 and our quarterly reports filed on Form 10-Q. Except as may be required by law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Statement Concerning Non-GAAP Financial Measurements Presented in this Press Release
Adjusted EBITDA, hotel franchising revenues, adjusted hotel franchising SG&A, Adjusted EBITDA from hotel franchising activities, adjusted hotel franchising margins and adjusted diluted EPS are non-GAAP financial measurements. These measures should not be considered as an alternative to any measure of performance or liquidity as promulgated under or authorized by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP"), such as net income, total revenues and operating margins. The company's calculation of these measurements may be different from the calculations used by other companies and therefore comparability may be limited. The company has included an exhibit accompanying this release that reconciles these items to the most comparable GAAP financial measures. We discuss management's reasons for reporting these non-GAAP measures below.
Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share: Adjusted net income and diluted EPS excludes the impact of executive termination benefits, impairment of lease acquisition costs and the acceleration of the company's executive succession plan. We exclude these items because they occur infrequently and can vary considerably from period to period without reference to the company's operating performance. We consider adjusted net income and diluted EPS to be an indicator of operating performance because excluding these items allows for period-over period comparisons of our ongoing operations.
Adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization: Adjusted EBITDA reflects net income excluding the impact of interest expense, interest income, provision for income taxes, depreciation and amortization, other (gains) and losses, equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates, mark to market adjustments on non-qualified retirement plan investments, executive termination benefits, impairment of lease acquisition costs and acceleration of the company's executive succession plan. We consider adjusted EBITDA to be an indicator of operating performance because we use it to measure our ability to service debt, fund capital expenditures, and expand our business. We also use adjusted EBITDA, as do analysts, lenders, investors and others, to evaluate companies because it excludes certain items that can vary widely across different industries or among companies within the same industry. For example, interest expense can be dependent on a company's capital structure, debt levels and credit ratings. Accordingly, the impact of interest expense on earnings can vary significantly among companies. The tax positions of companies can also vary because of their differing abilities to take advantage of tax benefits and because of the tax policies of the jurisdictions in which they operate. As a result, effective tax rates and provision for income taxes can vary considerably among companies. Adjusted EBITDA also excludes depreciation and amortization because companies utilize productive assets of different ages and use different methods of both acquiring and depreciating productive assets. These differences can result in considerable variability in the relative costs of productive assets and the depreciation and amortization expense among companies. Mark to market adjustments on non-qualified retirement plan investments recorded in SG&A are excluded from EBITDA as the company accounts for these investments in accordance with accounting for deferred compensation arrangements when investments are held in a rabbi trust and invested. Changes in the fair value of the investments are recognized as both compensation expense in SG&A and other gains and losses. As a result, the changes in the fair value of the investments do not have a material impact on the company's net income. These amounts are excluded from EBITDA as they can vary widely across reporting periods based on the performance of the investments and are not an indicator of the operating performance of the company.
Hotel Franchising Revenues, Adjusted Hotel Franchising EBITDA, Adjusted Hotel Franchising SG&A and Margins: The company reports hotel franchising revenues, adjusted hotel franchising EBITDA, adjusted franchising hotel SG&A and margins which exclude marketing and reservation system revenues; the SkyTouch Technology division; vacation rental activities including operations that provide Software as a Service ("SaaS") technology solutions to vacation rental management companies; and revenue generated from the ownership of an office building that is leased to a third-party. These non-GAAP measures are a commonly used measure of performance in our industry and facilitate comparisons between the company and its competitors. Marketing and reservation system activities are excluded from these measures since the company is required by its franchise agreements to use the fees collected for marketing and reservation activities; as such, no income or loss to the company is generated. Cumulative marketing and reservation system fees not expended are recorded as a liability in the company's financial statements and are carried over to the next year and expended in accordance with the franchise agreements. Cumulative marketing and reservation expenditures in excess of fees collected for marketing and reservation activities are deferred and recorded as an asset in the company's financial statements and recovered in future periods. SkyTouch Technology is a division of the company that develops and markets cloud-based technology products, including inventory management, pricing and connectivity to third party channels, to hoteliers not under franchise agreements with the company. The operations for SkyTouch Technology and our vacation rental activities are excluded since they do not reflect the company's core franchising business but are adjacent, complementary lines of business.
© 2017 Choice Hotels International, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Choice Hotels International Reports Third Quarter Financial Results
Domestic Unit Growth Increased 2.8%
ROCKVILLE, Md., Nov. 6, 2017 /PRNewswire/ -- Choice Hotels International, Inc. (NYSE: CHH), one of the world's largest hotel companies, today reported its results for the three months ended September 30, 2017. Net income for the 2017 third quarter was $47.6 million, or $0.84 per diluted share, compared to $47.6 million or $0.84 per diluted share for the 2016 third quarter. Third quarter adjusted diluted earnings per share (EPS) was $0.95, a 13 percent increase from the 2016 third quarter. Third quarter adjusted earnings before income taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) was $92.5 million, compared to $82.0 million in the prior-year third quarter, a 13 percent increase from the 2016 third quarter."Choice Hotels is uniquely positioned in the industry as a company at the intersection of hospitality, franchising and technology. Our strong brands, focus on the guest experience and franchisee profitability, and industry-leading technology solutions and tools continue to drive positive results," said Patrick Pacious, president and chief executive officer, Choice Hotels. "In the third quarter, our impressive performance was highlighted by a 13 percent increase in adjusted diluted earnings per share and a nearly 3 percent increase in our domestic unit growth."
Highlights of the company's third quarter 2017 results are as follows:
Overall Results
Adjusted diluted EPS for the third quarter was $0.95, a 13 percent increase from the third quarter of the prior year.
Adjusted EBITDA totaled $92.5 million for the third quarter, a 13 percent increase from the third quarter of the prior year.
Adjusted EBITDA from hotel franchising activities for the third quarter increased 9 percent from the third quarter of the prior year to $94.0 million.
Total revenues and hotel franchising revenues for the third quarter both increased 10 percent from the third quarter of the prior year.
Royalties
Domestic royalty fees for the third quarter totaled $98.3 million, an 8.4 percent increase from the third quarter of the prior year.
Domestic system-wide revenue per available room (RevPAR) increased 2.1 percent for the third quarter compared to the third quarter of the prior year. Occupancy and average daily rates increased 70 basis points and 1.2 percent, respectively, in the third quarter compared to the same period of 2016.
Effective royalty rate increased 19 basis points for the third quarter of 2017, compared to the third quarter of the prior year.
Domestic franchised hotels, as of September 30, 2017, increased 2.8 percent from September 30, 2016.
Quality Inn surpassed 1,500 open domestic hotels during the third quarter, and the number of domestic hotels under this brand increased over 7 percent from September 30, 2016.
Domestic and international rooms, as of September 30, 2017, increased 2.1 percent and 2.3 percent, respectively, from September 30, 2016.
Development
New, executed domestic franchised hotel development contracts totaled 133 in the third quarter. Executed domestic franchised hotel development for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, totaled 415, a 10 percent increase from the same period of the prior year.
The company executed 24 new domestic franchise agreements during the third quarter for its upscale brands, Cambria Hotels and the Ascend Hotel Collection, a 71 percent increase from the same period of the prior year. The domestic pipeline for the company's upscale brands now exceeds 135 hotels.
Domestic relicensing and contract renewal transactions totaled 121 for the three months ended September 30, 2017, a 6 percent increase from the same period of 2016.
The company's total domestic pipeline of hotels awaiting conversion, under construction or approved for development, as of September 30, 2017, increased 16 percent to 751 hotels from September 30, 2016.
The new construction domestic pipeline totaled 530 hotels at September 30, 2017, a 26 percent increase from September 30, 2016.
Use of Cash Flows
Dividends
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the company paid cash dividends totaling approximately $36 million. Based on the current quarterly dividend rate of $0.215 per common share, the company expects to pay dividends of approximately $49 million during 2017.
Share Repurchases
During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the company repurchased $9 million of common stock under its share repurchase program as well as repurchases from employees in connection with tax withholding and option exercises relating to awards under the company's equity incentive plans. The company currently has authorization to purchase up to 4.0 million additional shares under its share repurchase program.
Hotel Development & Financing
Pursuant to its program to encourage acceleration of the growth of the upscale Cambria Hotels brand, the company advanced approximately $75 million in support of the brand's development during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. The company also recycled approximately $29 million of prior investments in Cambria Hotels development projects, resulting in net advances of $46 million for the current year. Advances under this program are primarily in the form of joint venture investments, forgivable key money loans, senior mortgage loans, development loans, mezzanine lending, and through the operation of a land-banking program. On September 30, 2017, the company had approximately $244 million reflected in its consolidated balance sheet pursuant to these financial support activities. With respect to lending and joint venture investments, the company generally expects to recycle these loans and investments within a five-year period.
Special Items
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, the company accelerated certain compensation expenses totaling $12.0 million in conjunction with the company's chief executive officer succession plan. In addition, the company recognized an impairment on a below market lease intangible recorded in conjunction with the company's acquisition of an office building leased to a third-party in 2014. The impairment of this below market lease intangible resulted in a reduction to the company's selling, general and administrative expenses totaling $1.2 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017. These special items impacted diluted EPS by $0.11 per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the company recorded an executive termination benefit charge of approximately $2.2 million. This special item impacted diluted EPS by $0.02 per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.
The company evaluates the non-GAAP measures presented herein that exclude executive termination benefits, impairment of below market lease costs and acceleration of the company's executive succession plan because those non-GAAP measures allow for period-over-period comparison of ongoing core operations before the impact of these charges. These non-GAAP measures, which are reconciled to the comparable GAAP measures in Exhibit 6, include adjusted net income, adjusted diluted EPS, adjusted hotel franchising selling, general and administrative expenses, adjusted EBITDA, adjusted hotel franchising EBITDA and adjusted hotel franchising margins.
Outlook
The company's consolidated 2017 outlook reflects the following assumptions:
Consolidated Outlook
Adjusted EBITDA for full-year 2017 is expected to range between $294 million and $298 million.
The company's fourth-quarter 2017 adjusted diluted EPS is expected to range between $0.60 and $0.62.
The company expects full-year 2017 adjusted diluted EPS to range between $2.84 and $2.88.
The effective tax rate is expected to be approximately 33 percent for the fourth quarter and 32 percent for full-year 2017.
All estimates for 2017 exclude costs associated with the company's executive succession plan and impairment of lease acquisition costs.
Adjusted diluted EPS estimates are based on the current number of shares outstanding, and thus do not factor in any changes that may occur due to new equity grants or any further repurchases of common stock under the company's share repurchase program.
The adjusted diluted EPS and consolidated adjusted EBITDA estimates assume that the company incurs net reductions in adjusted EBITDA related to non-hotel franchising activities at the midpoint of the range for these investments.
Hotel Franchising
Adjusted EBITDA from hotel franchising activities for full-year 2017 is expected to range between $301 million and $305 million.
Net domestic unit growth for 2017 is expected to range between approximately 2.5 percent and 3 percent.
RevPAR is expected to increase between 1 percent and 3 percent for the fourth quarter and range between 2 percent and 3 percent for full-year 2017.
The effective royalty rate is expected to increase between 17 and 19 basis points for full-year 2017 as compared to full-year 2016.
Non-Hotel Franchising Activities
Net reductions in full-year 2017 adjusted EBITDA, relating to the company's non-hotel franchising operations are expected to be approximately $7 million.
Conference Call
Choice will conduct a conference call on Monday, November 6, 2017, at 10:00 a.m. ET to discuss the company's 2017 third quarter results. The dial-in number to listen to the call domestically is 1-855-638-5678 and the number for international participants is 1-920-663-6286. The conference call will be webcast simultaneously via the company's website, www.choicehotels.com. Interested investors and other parties wishing to access the call via the webcast should go to the website and click on the Investor Info link. The Investor page will feature a conference call microphone icon to access the call.
The call will be recorded and available for replay beginning at 1:00 p.m. ET on Monday, November 6, 2017, by calling 1-855-859-2056 (domestic) or 1-404-537-3406 (international) and entering access code 88756097. In addition, the call will be archived and available on choicehotels.com via the Investor Info link.
About Choice Hotels
Choice Hotels International, Inc. (NYSE: CHH) is one of the world's largest hotel companies. With over 6,500 hotels franchised in more than 40 countries and territories, Choice Hotels International represents more than 500,000 rooms around the globe. As of September 30, 2017, over 800 hotels were in our development pipeline. Our company's Ascend Hotel Collection®, Cambria® Hotels, Comfort Inn®, Comfort Suites®, Sleep Inn®, Quality®, Clarion®, MainStay Suites®, Suburban Extended Stay Hotel®, Econo Lodge®, Rodeway Inn®, and Vacation Rentals by Choice Hotels™ brands provide a spectrum of lodging choices to meet guests' needs. With more than 33 million members, our Choice Privileges® rewards program enhances every trip a guest takes, with benefits ranging from instant, every day rewards to exceptional experiences, starting right when they join. All hotels and vacation rentals are independently owned and operated. Visit us at www.choicehotels.com for more information.
Forward-Looking Statements
Certain matters discussed in this press release constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Generally, our use of words such as "expect," "estimate," "believe," "anticipate," "should," "will," "forecast," "plan," "project," "assume" or similar words of futurity identify such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on management's current beliefs, assumptions and expectations regarding future events, which in turn are based on information currently available to management. Such statements may relate to projections of the company's revenue, earnings and other financial and operational measures, company debt levels, ability to repay outstanding indebtedness, payment of dividends, repurchases of common stock and future operations, among other matters. We caution you not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements do not guarantee future performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors.
Several factors could cause actual results, performance or achievements of the company to differ materially from those expressed in or contemplated by the forward-looking statements. Such risks include, but are not limited to, changes to general, domestic and foreign economic conditions; foreign currency fluctuations; operating risks common in the lodging and franchising industries; changes to the desirability of our brands as viewed by hotel operators and customers; changes to the terms or termination of our contracts with franchisees; our ability to keep pace with improvements in technology utilized for marketing and reservations systems and other operating systems; our ability to grow our franchise system; exposure to risks related to our hotel development and financing activities; fluctuations in the supply and demand for hotels rooms; our ability to realize anticipated benefits from acquired businesses; the level of acceptance of alternative growth strategies we may implement; operating risks associated with our international operations; the outcome of litigation; and our ability to manage our indebtedness. These and other risk factors are discussed in detail in the company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission including our annual report on Form 10-K for 2016 and our quarterly reports filed on Form 10-Q. Except as may be required by law, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Statement Concerning Non-GAAP Financial Measurements Presented in this Press Release
Adjusted EBITDA, hotel franchising revenues, adjusted hotel franchising SG&A, Adjusted EBITDA from hotel franchising activities, adjusted hotel franchising margins and adjusted diluted EPS are non-GAAP financial measurements. These measures should not be considered as an alternative to any measure of performance or liquidity as promulgated under or authorized by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP"), such as net income, total revenues and operating margins. The company's calculation of these measurements may be different from the calculations used by other companies and therefore comparability may be limited. The company has included an exhibit accompanying this release that reconciles these items to the most comparable GAAP financial measures. We discuss management's reasons for reporting these non-GAAP measures below.
Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share: Adjusted net income and diluted EPS excludes the impact of executive termination benefits, impairment of lease acquisition costs and the acceleration of the company's executive succession plan. We exclude these items because they occur infrequently and can vary considerably from period to period without reference to the company's operating performance. We consider adjusted net income and diluted EPS to be an indicator of operating performance because excluding these items allows for period-over period comparisons of our ongoing operations.
Adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization: Adjusted EBITDA reflects net income excluding the impact of interest expense, interest income, provision for income taxes, depreciation and amortization, other (gains) and losses, equity in net income of unconsolidated affiliates, mark to market adjustments on non-qualified retirement plan investments, executive termination benefits, impairment of lease acquisition costs and acceleration of the company's executive succession plan. We consider adjusted EBITDA to be an indicator of operating performance because we use it to measure our ability to service debt, fund capital expenditures, and expand our business. We also use adjusted EBITDA, as do analysts, lenders, investors and others, to evaluate companies because it excludes certain items that can vary widely across different industries or among companies within the same industry. For example, interest expense can be dependent on a company's capital structure, debt levels and credit ratings. Accordingly, the impact of interest expense on earnings can vary significantly among companies. The tax positions of companies can also vary because of their differing abilities to take advantage of tax benefits and because of the tax policies of the jurisdictions in which they operate. As a result, effective tax rates and provision for income taxes can vary considerably among companies. Adjusted EBITDA also excludes depreciation and amortization because companies utilize productive assets of different ages and use different methods of both acquiring and depreciating productive assets. These differences can result in considerable variability in the relative costs of productive assets and the depreciation and amortization expense among companies. Mark to market adjustments on non-qualified retirement plan investments recorded in SG&A are excluded from EBITDA as the company accounts for these investments in accordance with accounting for deferred compensation arrangements when investments are held in a rabbi trust and invested. Changes in the fair value of the investments are recognized as both compensation expense in SG&A and other gains and losses. As a result, the changes in the fair value of the investments do not have a material impact on the company's net income. These amounts are excluded from EBITDA as they can vary widely across reporting periods based on the performance of the investments and are not an indicator of the operating performance of the company.
Hotel Franchising Revenues, Adjusted Hotel Franchising EBITDA, Adjusted Hotel Franchising SG&A and Margins: The company reports hotel franchising revenues, adjusted hotel franchising EBITDA, adjusted franchising hotel SG&A and margins which exclude marketing and reservation system revenues; the SkyTouch Technology division; vacation rental activities including operations that provide Software as a Service ("SaaS") technology solutions to vacation rental management companies; and revenue generated from the ownership of an office building that is leased to a third-party. These non-GAAP measures are a commonly used measure of performance in our industry and facilitate comparisons between the company and its competitors. Marketing and reservation system activities are excluded from these measures since the company is required by its franchise agreements to use the fees collected for marketing and reservation activities; as such, no income or loss to the company is generated. Cumulative marketing and reservation system fees not expended are recorded as a liability in the company's financial statements and are carried over to the next year and expended in accordance with the franchise agreements. Cumulative marketing and reservation expenditures in excess of fees collected for marketing and reservation activities are deferred and recorded as an asset in the company's financial statements and recovered in future periods. SkyTouch Technology is a division of the company that develops and markets cloud-based technology products, including inventory management, pricing and connectivity to third party channels, to hoteliers not under franchise agreements with the company. The operations for SkyTouch Technology and our vacation rental activities are excluded since they do not reflect the company's core franchising business but are adjacent, complementary lines of business.
© 2017 Choice Hotels International, Inc. All rights reserved.
Book a cruise to the Caribbean or Panama Canal and enjoy $1 deposits + FREE Gratuities.